金善宝农耕讲堂-海外讲堂 第四期：Genetic Engineering of Chloroplast and Mitochondrial Genomes

报告题目：Genetic Engineering of Chloroplast and Mitochondrial Genomes报  告  人：Ralph Bock报告时间：2024年4月10日 (周三) 上午9:00地       点：金陵研究院三楼报告厅报告人简介：Ralph Bock教授，德国马克斯·普朗克分子植物生理研究所所长，德国科学院院士、美国科学院外籍院士以及欧洲分子生物学组织（EMBO）永久会员，在植物细胞器生物学与生物技术等研究领域享有重要国际声誉和地位。其研究领域涵盖细胞器生物学、RNA代谢、光合作用、进化生物学、生物技术和合成生物学、系统生物学等多个领域。入选全球“Highly Cited Researcher” （高引用科学家）。2017年，因在水平基因转移和实验进化领域的开创性研究而荣获美国植物生物学家协会“马丁吉布斯奖”。担任本领域顶级期刊Plant Cell以及Molecular Plant的高级主编和副主编。报告摘要：The genomes of plastids (chloroplasts) and mitochondria represent attractive targets of genetic engineering in crop plants. Plastid transgenes often give very high expression levels, can be conveniently stacked in synthetic operons, and are largely excluded from pollen transmission, thus providing increased biosafety of transgenic crops. Recent research has greatly expanded our toolbox for plastid genome engineering, and a number of proof-of-principle applications have highlighted the enormous potential of the transplastomic technology in crop improvement and for the use of plants as bioreactors for the sustainable and cost-effective production of biopharmaceuticals, enzymes and raw materials for the chemical industry. While a technology for transgene insertion into mitochondrial genomes is not yet available, the recent development of genome editing methods for mitochondria has enabled the targeted manipulation of endogenous mitochondrial genes. In my talk, I will (i) describe the state of the art in chloroplast genome engineering, (ii) highlight selected applications of plastid transformation in biotechnology and synthetic biology, and (iii) discuss recent advances with engineering the mitochondrial genomes of plants.